Efectos en adultos mayores de su participación en un proyecto comunitario basado en activos para la salud / Effects on older adults of their participation in a community project based on health assets

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles están generando un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Articular el sistema de salud con los recursos comunitarios es fundamental para poder coordinar la atención sociosanitaria, descomplejizar la atención de los adultos mayores y promover el envejecimiento activo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la participación de adultos mayores en un proyecto de mapeo de activos para la salud y los efectos percibidos en esta experiencia. Métodos: la intervención consistió en un taller de seis encuentros semanales donde se aprendió a reconocer activos para la salud. Estos fueron volcados en un mapa virtual de acceso libre y gratuito para ser compartido con toda la sociedad. En el taller también se reforzó la importancia de la relación entre los participantes para mejorar los apoyos sociales. Utilizamos un diseño cualitativo de tipo interactivo con una estructura interconectada y flexible de los componentes de la investigación. Se observaron las interacciones y diálogos que se produjeron entre moderadoras-participantes y participantes entre sí, y se incluyeron los registros del cuaderno de campo de las moderadoras. Al finalizar el último encuentro, y cumplidos tres meses, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a quienes asistieron, al menos, a la mitad de los encuentros. Se utilizó una guía con preguntas abiertas, para conocer la perspectiva de los participantes acerca de eventuales cambios percibidos a partir de la experiencia vivida en el taller. Los datos se categorizaron y, posteriormente, se triangularon para garantizar la validez del análisis. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías que sitúan las experiencias de los participantes en relación con su paso por el proyecto: la generación de vínculos entre pares, los vínculos con las moderadoras, la dinámica de taller, la sustentabilidad del proyecto y la resignificación del barrio. Conclusión: es factible generar cambios positivos en la salud de los adultos mayores, potenciar los espacios de socialización y contribuir satisfactoriamente en la resignificación de los barrios a través del mapeo de activos para la salud. (AU)

Introduction: population ageing and the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases are having a major impact on health systems worldwide. Linking the health system with community resources is essential in order to coordinate social and health care, decomplexify the care of older adults and promote active ageing. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between the participation of older adults in a health asset mapping project and the perceived effects of this experience. Methods: the intervention consisted of a workshop of six weekly meetings where participants learned to recognise health assets from the perspective of each participant. These were then uploaded onto a virtual map that could be accessed free of charge and shared with the whole of society. The workshop also reinforced the importance of the relationship between participants to improve social support.We used an interactive qualitative design with an interconnected and flexible structure between the research components. The interactions and dialogues that took place between moderators-participants and participants with each other were observed, and the field notebook records of the moderators were included. At the end of the last meeting, and after three months, in-depth interviews were conducted with those who attended at least half of the meetings. A guide with open-ended questions was used to find out the participants perspective on possible changes perceived as a result of the workshop experience. The data were categorised and then triangulated to ensure the validity of the analysis. Results: the following categories were identified that situate the participants experiences in relation to their time in the project: the generation of links between peers, the links with the moderators, the workshop dynamics, the sustainability of the project and the re-signification of the neighbourhood. Conclusion: it is feasible to generate positive changes in the health of older adults, to strengthen the spaces for socialisation and to successfully contribute to the resignification of the neighbourhoods through the mapping of assets for health. (AU)

Saúde bucal na infância: um modelo orientado para a gênese da saúde / Oral health in childhood: a model oriented towards the genesis of health

Nas últimas décadas do século XX e início do século XXI, a prevalência de cárie dentária apresentou redução na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. Apesar disso, a cárie permanece como a doença crônica mais frequente na infância, com distribuição desigual entre os países e populações. O esforço da comunidade científica se concentrou, até o momento, em desenvolver pesquisas focadas na etiopatogenia e nos fatores de risco à cárie. Poucos estudos buscaram analisar os fatores positivos, considerados como ativos em saúde que contribuem para a saúde bucal na infância. Este ensaio teórico teve por objetivo propor um modelo teórico-conceitual, incorporando as abordagens da patogênese e salutogênese, com orientação para a gênese da saúde. A metodologia foi estruturada por meio de revisões de literatura que subsidiaram a elaboração do modelo proposto.

In the last decades of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the prevalence of dental caries decreased in most developed countries. Despite this, caries remains the most frequent chronic disease in childhood, with uneven distribution among countries and populations. So far, the scientific community's efforts have been focused on developing research regarding the etiopathogenesis and risk factors for caries. Few studies have sought to analyze the positive factors, considered to be active in health that contribute to oral health in childhood. This theoretical essay aims to propose a theoretical-conceptual model, incorporating approaches to pathogenesis and salutogenesis, with guidance for the genesis of health. The methodology was structured through literature reviews that support the development of the proposed model.